New York Times: Latino Democrats Fight to Fend Off Upstart Challengers
Original Article: New York Times
Latino Democrats Fight to Fend Off Upstart Challengers
The Congressional Hispanic Caucus is defending four key incumbents in
primary races centered on how aggressively Democrats are combating ICE and
President Trump.
By Kellen Browning | March 2, 2026
Representative Adriano Espaillat of New York brandished a court order outside an
immigration detention facility in Manhattan last month, demanding to check on the
migrants’ living conditions.
As he prepared to enter, Mr. Espaillat ran through the ways that fellow Democratic
members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus had tried to support
undocumented immigrants — whether by backing legislation or by putting
themselves in harm’s way.
“We’ve been teaching the Democratic caucus how to fight this,” he said.
Mr. Espaillat is one of four Latino House Democrats trying to fight off primary
challenges from younger opponents and from the left — including some from fellow
Latinos — at a time when they say they are leading the charge in combating
President Trump’s deportation push and the tactics of Immigration and Customs
Enforcement. One of those Democrats, Representative Sylvia Garcia of Texas, is
facing a competitive primary on Tuesday.
On Monday, the Congressional Hispanic Caucus’s political action committee
injected new urgency into the incumbents’ efforts to hold their seats, announcing
an effort called “Luchadores” aimed at defending the four key members. The
committee, BOLD PAC, argues that Latino Democrats in Congress have been
crucial in fighting ICE, and that their identities and experiences are especially
important to have in Congress when so many Latinos in America are afraid of
being detained or deported.
But their challengers say the incumbents have simply not been fighting aggressively enough.
As Democrats contend with an anti-establishment backlash and accusations that their party has
fallen out of touch with everyday people, a wide array of incumbents face primary opponents this year. At least one
progressive, Analilia Mejia of New Jersey, has already scored an upset victory
against an establishment Democrat in a primary race this year.
In some of these races, as in many others, the challengers accuse the incumbents
of being ineffective, of upholding a status quo that hinders the working class and of
hoovering up donations from corporate interests and through groups like AIPAC,
the pro-Israel lobbying organization.
“When you get to Washington and you are bought and sold by corporate PACs and
right-wing lobbies, you don’t have to actually fight with the urgency that your
community demands,” said Usamah Andrabi, a spokesman for Justice Democrats,
a progressive group. It helped vault Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of
New York to Congress and is backing two of the challengers to Latino incumbents
this year.
Aside from Mr. Espaillat, who serves as chair of the caucus, and Ms. Garcia, the
other Latino House Democrats facing primary challenges include Representatives
Rob Menendez of New Jersey and Jimmy Gomez of California.
BOLD PAC has already spent $204,000 on mail advertising defending Ms. Garcia,
whose primary election is on Tuesday. The committee has amassed an $11.2 million
war chest so far this year across its aggregated committees. BOLD PAC has $6.8
million in cash on hand, it said.
In 2024, the PAC spent $485,000 defending Mr. Menendez against a different
primary challenger and $3.3 million overall backing the caucus’s incumbents that
year. It spent $2.8 million to help incumbents in 2022.
This year, the four incumbents face varying degrees of competitiveness in their
challenges, and the races have unique quirks. Ms. Garcia, for instance, is running
in a new Houston-area district after Texas Republicans redrew the state’s
congressional map last year in an effort to oust several Democratic incumbents.
Much of her Latino constituency was drawn into a different district that is
expected to become an easy pickup for Republicans. Ms. Garcia is now facing
Jarvis Johnson, a Democratic former state representative who is Black, in a
heavily Black district. He has argued that Ms. Garcia struggled to engage voters in
her old district. Last month, The Houston Chronicle described Ms. Garcia’s political
career as being “in serious jeopardy,” though a poll later found her leading Mr. Johnson by double digits.
In an interview, Ms. Garcia said that she was optimistic about her chances but
concerned about the contest — given the newness of the district — and that she
was campaigning until the very last moment.
A loss, she said, would mean that the three million Latinos in the Houston region
would no longer have “someone that looks like them, that shares their values, their
language, their culture, their heritage.”
In New Jersey, Mr. Menendez fended off a serious competitor two years ago,
running in the shadow of the case against his father, Bob Menendez, the former
senator who was later convicted on bribery and corruption charges. Now the
younger Mr. Menendez faces Mussab Ali, a progressive former member of the
Jersey City Board of Education whose campaign is backed by Jamaal Bowman, the
former New York congressman who was part of the left-wing “Squad.”
Last month, Mr. Menendez emerged from an immigration detention center in
Newark called Delaney Hall looking drained after hours of meeting with
immigrants and checking on their legal situations and living conditions.
“Delaney Hall is set up to break people,” he said. “It’s difficult to comprehend why
we collectively allow this to continue, and it’s infuriating.”
Mr. Menendez said he had been fighting Mr . Trump’s deportation efforts for more
than a year.
“What has he done?” Mr. Menendez said of Mr. Ali. “He talks and he’ll put out
Instagram videos — what has he actually done?”
Mr. Ali responded that he has been “on the ground educating immigrant residents
and business owners on their rights,” and that Mr. Menendez “didn’t say ‘Abolish
ICE’ until we forced it into the race.”
In Los Angeles, Mr. Gomez faced a tough re-election bid in 2024 against a
progressive candidate who earned 44 percent of the vote. An AIPAC-tied group
spent money defending Mr. Gomez, support that his half-dozen primary opponents
this time around hope will drag him down at a time when many Democrats have
turned against Israel over the war in Gaza.
One challenger, Angela Gonzales-Torres, who has the backing of Justice
Democrats, said Mr. Gomez had moved far too slowly in combating ICE — a claim
BOLD PAC denies — and in holding workshops for immigrants to learn their legal
rights.
“We need someone in office that feels and acts on the urgency of this moment,” Ms.
Gonzales-Torres said. “People are calling some Democrats ‘do-nothing Democrats’
— he is one of them.”
Ms. Gonzales-Torres, an activist whose father was deported to Mexico over a
decade ago, said the primary battle was less about identity and more about the
working class versus the establishment.
“More than the fact that both Gomez and I are Latinos, this is about real
representation and respect for our people and who we are fighting for,” she said.
It’s a similar argument made by Mr. Espaillat, just in reverse. In New York, he, too,
faces a younger Latina challenger backed by Justice Democrats, Darializa Avila
Chevalier.
“It’s not just being Hispanic or young — you’ve got to know the district,” Mr. Espaillat said, listing off various demographic groups in his diverse Harlem region. “And I think I know that district better than anybody else in New York City.”
Mr. Espaillat said he empathized with voters’ desire for new voices. But, he said,
am a new voice.”
“I’m the first Dominican American elected to Congress, and the first formerly
undocumented member of Congress,” he added.
He pointed to his insurgent bona fides: unsuccessful runs more than a decade ago
against Charles Rangel, a Black former congressman, and an eventual victory over
Mr. Rangel’s handpicked successor — all of which irked the Congressional Black
Caucus. (It is now backing Mr . Espaillat.)
Ms. Avila Chevalier, a Ph.D. student and organizer who helped lead protests
against the war in Gaza at Columbia University, said that Mr . Espaillat’s
acceptance of money from AIPAC-tied groups and corporate PACs undercut his
stance as a fighter.
“The incumbent, even to this day, has not said ‘Abolish ICE’ — he’s been saying ‘dismantle,’” Ms. Avila Chevalier said. “I’m not even clear what that means — it sounds like reform. This is not an institution that can be reformed.”
Kellen Browning is a Times political reporter based in San Francisco.











